Scientific Approach of Collecting Biological Evidence in Criminal Investigation

Air cond compressor lab report Essay Example

Air cond compressor lab report Essay Example Air cond compressor lab report Paper Air cond compressor lab report Paper If you e an accident at the other side of the workshop you can use the emergency stop button to turn off all electrical power to machines. 4. Always wear an apron as it will protect your clothes and hold loose clothing such as ties in place. 5. Wear good strong shoes. Training shoes are not suitable. 6. When attempting practical work all stools should be put away. 7. Bags should not be brought into a workshop as people can trip over them. 8. When learning how to use a machine, listen very carefully to all the instructions given by the teacher. Ask questions, especially if you do not fully understand. . Do not use a machine if you have not been shown how to operate it safely by the teacher. 10. Always be patient, never rush in the workshop. 11. Always use a guard when working on a machine. 12. Keep hands away from moving/rotating machinery. 13. Use hand tools carefully, keeping both hands behind the cutting edge. 14. Report any damage to machines/equipment as this could cause an accident. 5. 0 Theory Today almost all cars, including small family hatch backs come with air conditioning as standard. Yet, the majority of us hardly have an understanding, or even care how it works That is until the first hot day of the summer comes around and we find ourselves starring under the bonnet in a bewilderment wondering why it is not working and the car is no longer a cool place to be. Just may be, if we had an understanding or had given some thought to what goes on amongst all the other oily bits, which we take care to have serviced at regular intervals we could possibly have avoided the now unfamiliar experience of being hot and uncomfortable in a car on the drive home. Basic Working Principles of a Vehicle Air Conditioning System What we will attempt is to describe, in laymans terms is how the air condition system on a vehicle works and what happens when we press the A/C button on the vehicles dashboard. You know that Starry Patterned one! The basic working principle of all cooling systems, be it the domestic freezer, the Air Conditioning system in our office or the one fitted to our vehicle is the same. The fundamental processes at work are four basic principles in physics, which we all have probably experienced in everyday life Compression, Expansion, Evaporation and Condensation. Compression When you pump up a bicycle tare, the body of the pump where the air is compressed above the pressure inside the tare, causing the transfer of air into the tare gets hot. As the tare inflates and more effort is needed to compress the air to an ever higher pressure the pump gets even hotter. The tare also becomes heated by the now hot gases entering through the valve. Expansion When you discharge an aerosol can the body of the can gets cooler because of the reduced pressure inside the can as the liquid contents are expelled turning to gas. Evaporation The old sailors trick to find the wind direction by wetting a finger and feeling which side is chilled by the passing flow of air. Condensation Whenever warm wet air touches a cold surface such as the outside surface of a glass of ice cold beer heat is from the air and transferred to the cold surface reducing its temperature turning the water vapor back to liquid droplets of water. The air conditioning system in our vehicle has specific components that employ the above physical processes in order to reduce the temperature of the air circulating in the vehicle cabin. In addition to cooling the air the Air Conditioning system have the added benefit of removing excess moisture from the air entering the cabin reducing the amount of condensation that forms on the inside of the cars windows, improving visibility for the driver. Working Components of a Vehicle Air Conditioning System Let us now go to the workings of an automobile air conditioner and how the above principles are applied. We will take it component by component. Compressor: This is the heart of the air conditioning system. The compressor similar in size to the vehicles electrical alternator can usually be identified as he component sited low down in the engine bay driven by the engine belts via a pulley and connected to the rest of the air conditioning system by two reinforced hoses. When you turn on the air conditioner in your car an electrical circuit operates a clutch in the compressors pulley causing the compressor to start pumping refrigerant gas into the rest of the system under extremely high pressure. By increasing the pressure the refrigerant gas leaving the compressor becomes hot. Condenser: The condenser can be identified as a second radiator that shares the air flow with the main engine coolant radiator. Usually the condenser will have its own electric cooling fan/s that become/s active when the air conditioning system is switched on. The condenser takes the heated high pressure refrigerant gas from the compressor and cools it. Condensing the refrigerant gas into a liquid releases heat in the process. This heat is expelled into the atmosphere by the air flowing through the condenser. Receiver or Dryer: This can be identified as a small reservoir or canister sitting in in-line with the outlet hose from the condenser. Here any moisture that has contaminated the refrigerant is captured. If moisture or other contaminants are allowed to circulate it can damage the air conditioning system and ice crystals being formed can cause blockages. Expansion Valve: The refrigerant next flows into the expansion valve where the pressure is reduced causing the liquid to revert back to a gas which causes rapid cooling of the refrigerant vapor. Often on humid days ice can be seen forming on the pipe work immediately after the Expansion valve. Evaporator: This component is rarely seen, other than by service engineers as it is buried deep under the dashboard of the vehicle and shares the space occupied by the cabin heating system. Here the highly cooled refrigerant vapor absorbs the heat from the air inside the car by pushing the air from either the outside or re-circulated air from inside the cabin across the outside of the now super chilled evaporator circulating cold air inside the vehicles cabin.. Why do air condition systems stop working. Other than physical damage to the system caused by a accident or road debris holing the Condenser the most common cause of failure is a loss of refrigerant due to natural leakage. Due to the set-up of a vehicle air conditioning system there has to flexible pulsing between the components mounted on the body of the vehicle and the Compressor which is typical mounted on, and driven directly by the engine which itself is mounted on the vehicles chassis on flexible mounts. In addition, these connections and flexible couplings have serviceable joints enabling components to be replaced during the vehicles life. Because of this Vehicle Air Conditioning systems will tend to lose refrigerant over time as refrigerant permeates through the physical joints between components. In normal working conditions all automotive air conditioning systems will lose bout 10% to 15% of refrigerant each year which is considered natural leakage. Environmental conditions and the how the vehicle operates can increase the amount of refrigerant leakage. Letting the system run low on refrigerant and consequently the compressor lubricating oil that is suspended in the gas can lead to increased wear and premature component failure. Having an unserviceable Air Condition system can destroy the resale value of your vehicle Air Conditioning systems that are left unserviceable for extended periods will begin to absorb moisture and other contaminants from the outside atmosphere which will, over time further degrade the seals and other components. Once this happens the repair costs will often exceed the total resale value of the vehicle. Conclusions Having now read and hopefully understood the basic principles the next time the vehicle is due for a service you will also consider having the your vehicles air conditioning system serviced. Done properly by a specialist a full standard service which doesnt involve changing any of the components usually takes about and hour and will usually cost less then EWE. 00 Services that involve the periodic changing of the receiver rye will take a little longer and cost more. The only other serviceable component, which is often ignored is the cabin filter which is there to remove dust and pollen from the air entering the cabin, this should be change at the time of the vehicles standard engine service. Failure to change the cabin filter at regular intervals will lead to unpleasant smells entering the cabin when the system is first switched on. This is caused by bacterial growth on the moist surfaces of the filter and can be quite harmful to passengers already suffering with bronchial complaints. 6. Procedure 1 . Prepare the tools that are necessary 2. Wear all the safety equipment needed for the of work that need to be done 3. Prepare the air compressor that needed to be service. 4. Open the high side and low side cower part using spanner. Open all 6 bolt screw to detach the cover. 5. Next detach the pulley open 6. Take out the spiral ram 7. Clean all impurities, lubricate necessary parts, replace the casket and the last fix back all the parts back together. 7. 0 Result data 8. 0 Discussion From doing this practical task I notice that there are some major problem that occur when the dismantle process is being down such large amount of forces needed to be apply to integument a bolt or screw and also the part does not dismantle easily such as got stuck or stick tightly. This problem occur as an effect from not doing the maintenance process properly or even does not do that at all. This is why those problems properly occur basically. Other than that I found that the equipment is in a dirty condition so it must be clean properly before it was restore back in order or in duty. 9. 0 Conclusion From doing this practical task we had learn all the safety procedure and equipment and also the law in a workshop.

Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition Essay

Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition - Essay Example 2. Quality Management at Nokia Quality is at the heart of Nokia’s operations. Quality has been embedded into every aspect of the products in order to achieve the goal of continuous improvement. Quality Management at Nokia starts right at the top management level and flows from top to bottom. There is a ‘Self-Regulating Management System’ at Nokia which charts out the framework for management practices. The customer needs are the most important input in Nokia’s quest for continuous improvement. Therefore, Nokia makes it a point to thoroughly analyze the lifestyles and needs of its target customers (10 Operations Management Decisions). Nokia lays a great amount of stress on Research and Development. More than 30% of Nokia’s workforce is deployed in Research and Development across geographies. The company strives to maintain a balance between the technological design and user friendly layout. Special fashion designers are deployed for the later (10 Oper ation Management Decisions). 3. Quality Management at Micromax Quality management at Micromax is driven totally by customers. According to Vikas Jain, one of the co-founders of Micromax, Micromax is not a poor cousin of Nokia. Micromax has two important success criteria – perfect assessment of the customer needs and the ability to adapt their supply chain to those needs. The company was a pioneer in initiating dual sim phones in India and challenged Nokia’s supremacy with its innovations. The company realized that a large number of customers were willing to use more than 1 sim cards for various reasons. However, not many were willing to carry 2 or more mobile phones in their pockets. This latent need led to the development of mobile phones with dual sim cards which have become a norm today (Dharmakumar, 2010). 4. Common process between the two organizations and its impact The product design process of the two organizations is quite similar. Both organizations consider assessing customer needs as the most important and preliminary stage of product design. In Nokia, this research is done very methodologically by specialists across various geographies and cultures. At Micromax, the market research is not very structured and the focus is more on identifying the latent needs and to target niche segments of the market. The next step is to choose the theme and develop the product. While Nokia believes in designing an experience rather than a product, Micromax considers a theme such as dual sim and develops and markets its product around that theme. The next step is to test the prototype on a selected group of customers. While this step is a must for Nokia, Micromax may actually skip it and go ahead with judgment of its management. After the product is developed, the supply chain management is very important for both the firms. Nokia maintains a set of requirements for its suppliers. Nokia makes efforts in maintaining a sustainable e-supply chain. The su pply chain management at Micromax is less structured but also less complicated. This enables the company to easily swing the supply chain making it more agile. The product design process has a significant positive impact on their competitive position in the market. By focusing on customer needs, these companies win half the battle. This helps them in efficient planning and execution. By maintaining an effective and agile supply chain, these companies are better equipped to manage change in customer needs, market conditions, global economic